Huntington disease (HD) is an uncommon neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system that is characterized by unwanted choreatic movements, behavioral and mental disorders, and dementia. In the Caucasian population, the estimated prevalence ranges from 1/10,000 to 1/20,000. The typical age range for the onset of symptoms is 30 to 50. Some people with juvenile Huntington's disease (JHD) experience behavioral issues and learning challenges at school before the age of 20. The typical symptom is chorea, which progressively affects every muscle. Every psychomotor function is significantly delayed. Patients experience cognitive decline and psychiatric problems.[1] HD is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder caused by the Huntingtin gene on the short arm of chromosome 4p16.3, which has an expanded CAG repeat (36 repeats or more). If the CAG repetition is longer, the illness begins earlier. The repetition often exceeds 55 when JHD occurs. When someone has a parent with HD, the diagnosis is made based on clinical signs and symptoms and is confirmed by DNA testing. Every psychomotor function is significantly delayed. Patients experience cognitive decline and psychiatric problems pre-manifest diagnosis should only be performed by multidisciplinary teams in healthy at-risk individuals who want to find out if they have the mutation. Differential diagnoses include other causes of chorea, such as general internal ailments or iatrogenic illnesses. Clinically recognized HD cases have phenocopies that do not have genetic mutation.[2] Amniocentesis and chorionic villus collection can be used for prenatal diagnosis. In vitro fertilization is available in a number of nations for preimplantation diagnosis. No remedy is available. Treating symptoms in order to improve quality of life should be the foundation of interdisciplinary management. Dopamine receptor depleting or blocking medications are used to treat chorea. Depression and violent. conduct may require both non-medical care and medication. As the illness worsens, people become totally dependent on care, which eventually leads to their death. Suicide is the second most common cause of mortality, after pneumonia.[3]
